Wikipedista:Duane Hook/Pískoviště
Nobelova cena je ocenění v pěti kategoriích, které se podle závěti Alfreda Nobela z roku 1895 udělují každý rok „těm, kteří v uplynulém roce přinesli lidstvu největší prospěch”. Kromě toho je také Švédskou národní bankou udělována Nobelova pamětní cena za ekonomii od roku 1968. Uděluje se "osobě nebo osobám v oblasti ekonomických věd, které vytvořily dílo mimořádného významu".
Od roku 2023 bylo uděleno 65 Nobelových cen a Pamětní cena za ekonomické vědy 64 ženám.[1][3] Mezi laureáty Nobelovy ceny je celkem 894 mužů, 64 žen a 27 organizací.[4]
Rozdělení Nobelových cen udělených ženám je následující:
- Nobelovu cenu za mír získalo devatenáct žen (16,3 % ze 110 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za literaturu získalo sedmnáct žen (14,28 % ze 119 udělených);[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za fyziologii a lékařství získalo třináct žen (5,6 % z 230 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za chemii získalo osm žen(4,1 % z 191 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu cenu za fyziku získalo pět žen (1,8 % z 224 udělených)[5]
- Nobelovu pamětní cenu za ekonomii získaly tži ženy (Elinor Ostrom, Esther Duflo a Claudia Goldin) (2,17 % z 92 udělených)[5]
Seznam laureátek[editovat | editovat zdroj]
| Nobelova cena za fyziologii a lékařství | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok udělení | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1947 | 
|
Gerty Coriová | 15 August 1896 | Praha, 
|
26 October 1957 | Glendale (Missouri), 
|
| 2 | 1977 | .jpg)
|
Rosalyn Yalowová | 19 July 1921 | New York,
|
30 May 2011 | New York,
|
| 3 | 1983 | _shown_in_her_laboratory_in_1947_(cropped).jpg)
|
Barbara McClintocková | 16 June 1902 | Hartford,
|
2 September 1992 | Huntington (New York),
|
| 4 | 1986 | .jpg)
|
Rita Leviová-Montalciniová | 22 April 1909 | Turín, 
|
30 December 2012 | Řím,
|
| 5 | 1988 | .jpg)
|
Gertrude Belle Elionová | 23 January 1918 | New York,
|
21 February 1999 | Chapel Hill,
|
| 6 | 1995 | .jpg)
|
Christiane Nüssleinová-Volhardová | 20 October 1942 | Magdeburg| style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 7 | 2004 | .jpg)
|
Linda B. Bucková | 29 January 1947 | Seattle, | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
||
| 8 | 2008 | .jpg)
|
Françoise Barré-Sinoussi | 30 July 1947 | Paříž,  | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
||
| 9 | 2009 | .JPG)
|
Elizabeth Blackburnová | 26 November 1948 | Hobart,  | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
||
| 10 | .JPG)
|
Carol W. Greiderová | 15 April 1961 | San Diego, | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
|||
| 11 | 2014 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
May-Britt Moserová | 4 January 1963 | Fosnavåg,  | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
||
| 12 | 2015 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Tchu Jou-jou | 30 December 1930 | Ning-po,  | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | —
|
||
| 13 | 2023 | .jpg)
|
Katalin Karikóová | 17 January 1955 | style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| Physics | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
| 1 | 1903 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Marie Skłodowska-Curie | 7 November 1867 Warsaw, Poland 
|
4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie,
|
||
| 2 | 1963 | 
|
Maria Göppert Mayer | 28 June 1906 Katowice,
|
20 February 1972 San Diego, California,
|
||
| 3 | 2018 | .jpg)
|
Donna Strickland | 27 May 1959 Guelph, Ontario, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 4 | 2020 | .jpg)
|
Andrea Mia Ghez | 16 June 1965 New York City, New York
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 5 | 2023 | 
|
Anne L’Huillier | 16 August 1958 Paris,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| Chemistry | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
| 1 | 1911 |
|
Marie Skłodowska-Curie | 7 November 1867 Warsaw,
|
4 July 1934 Passy, Haute-Savoie,
|
||
| 2 | 1935 | 
|
Irène Joliot-Curie | 12 September 1897 Paris,
|
17 March 1957 Paris,
|
||
| 3 | 1964 | Soubor:Dorothy Hodgkin Nobel.jpg | Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin | 12 May 1910 Cairo, 
|
29 July 1994 Ilmington, Warwickshire, 
|
||
| 4 | 2009 | .jpg)
|
Ada Yonath | 22 June 1939 Jerusalem, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 5 | 2018 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Frances Arnold | 25 July 1956 Edgewood, Pennsylvania,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 6 | 2020 | .jpg)
|
Emmanuelle Charpentier | 11 December 1968 Juvisy-sur-Orge, Essonne,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 7 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Jennifer Doudna | 19 February 1964 Washington, D.C.
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
| 8 | 2022 | .jpg)
|
Carolyn Bertozzi | 10 October 1966 Boston, Massachusetts,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| Literature | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
| 1 | 1909 | .jpg)
|
Selma Lagerlöf | 20 November 1858 Sunne, Värmland, 
|
16 March 1940 Sunne, Värmland,
|
||
| 2 | 1926 | 
|
Grazia Deledda | 27 September 1871 Nuoro, Sardinia,
|
15 August 1936 Rome, Italy |
||
| 3 | 1928 | .jpg)
|
Sigrid Undset | 20 May 1882 Kalundborg,
|
10 June 1949 Lillehammer,
|
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| 4 | 1938 | .jpg)
|
Pearl Buck | 26 June 1892 Hillsboro, West Virginia,
|
6 March 1973 Danby, Vermont,
|
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| 5 | 1945 | 
|
Gabriela Mistral | 7 April 1889 Vicuña, 
|
10 January 1957 Hempstead, New York,
|
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| 6 | 1966 | 
|
Nelly Sachs | 10 December 1891 Berlin, German Empire |
12 May 1970 Stockholm,
|
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| 7 | 1991 | .JPG)
|
Nadine Gordimer | 20 November 1923 Springs, Gauteng, 
|
13 July 2014 Johannesburg, Gauteng,
|
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| 8 | 1993 | .jpg)
|
Toni Morrison | 18 February 1931 Lorain, Ohio,
|
5 August 2019 New York City, New York,
|
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| 9 | 1996 | .jpg)
|
Wisława Szymborska | 2 July 1923 Kórnik,
|
1 February 2012 Kraków,
|
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| 10 | 2004 | .jpg)
|
Elfriede Jelinek | 20 October 1946 Mürzzuschlag, Styria, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 11 | 2007 | .JPG)
|
Doris Lessing | 22 October 1919 Kermanshah, 
|
17 November 2013 London,
|
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| 12 | 2009 | .jpg)
|
Herta Müller | 17 August 1953 Nițchidorf, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 13 | 2013 | .png){kind=spacer}
|
Alice Munro | 10 July 1931 Wingham, Ontario,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 14 | 2015 | _08_(cropped2).JPG)
|
Svetlana Alexievich | 31 May 1948 Ivano-Frankivsk, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 15 | 2018 | .jpg)
|
Olga Tokarczuk | 29 January 1962 Sulechów,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 16 | 2020 | .jpg)
|
Louise Glück | 22 April 1943 New York City, New York,
|
13 October 2023 Cambridge, Massachusetts,
|
||
| 17 | 2022 | .jpg)
|
Annie Ernaux | 1 September 1940 Lillebonne, Seine-Maritime,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| Peace | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
| 1 | 1905 | .jpg)
|
Bertha von Suttner | 9 June 1843 Prague,
|
21 June 1914 Vienna,
|
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| 2 | 1931 | .jpg)
|
Jane Addams | 6 September 1860 Cedarville, Illinois,
|
21 May 1935 Chicago, Illinois,
|
||
| 3 | 1946 | 
|
Emily Greene Balch | 8 January 1867 Boston, Massachusetts,
|
9 January 1961 Cambridge, Massachusetts,
|
||
| 4 | 1976 | .jpg)
|
Betty Williams | 22 May 1943 Belfast, Northern Ireland,
|
17 March 2020 Belfast, Northern Ireland,
|
||
| 5 | .jpg)
|
Mairead Maguire | 27 January 1944 Belfast, Northern Ireland,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
| 6 | 1979 | .jpg)
|
Anjezë Gonxhe Bojaxhiu (rel. name: Mother Teresa) |
26 August 1910 Skopje, 
|
5 September 1997 Kolkata, West Bengal, 
|
||
| 7 | 1982 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Alva Myrdal | 31 January 1902 Uppsala,
|
1 February 1986 Danderyd,
|
||
| 8 | 1991 | .jpg)
|
Aung San Suu Kyi | 19 June 1945 Yangon, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 9 | 1992 | 
|
Rigoberta Menchú | 9 January 1959 Laj Chimel, Quiché, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 10 | 1997 | .jpg)
|
Jody Williams | 9 October 1950 Rutland, Vermont,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 11 | 2003 | .jpg)
|
Shirin Ebadi | 21 June 1947 Hamadan,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 12 | 2004 | .jpg)
|
Wangarĩ Maathai | 1 April 1940 Tetu, Nyeri, 
|
25 September 2011 Nairobi,
|
||
| 13 | 2011 | .jpg)
|
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf | 29 October 1938 Monrovia, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 14 | .jpg)
|
Leymah Gbowee | 1 February 1972 Monrovia,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
| 15 | .jpg)
|
Tawakkol Karman | 7 February 1979 Shara'b As Salam, Taiz, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | |||
| 16 | 2014 | .jpg)
|
Malala Yousafzai | 12 July 1997 Mingora, Swat, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 17 | 2018 | _(cropped).jpg)
|
Nadia Murad | 10 March 1993 Kocho, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 18 | 2021 | .jpg)
|
Maria Ressa | 2 October 1963 Manila, 
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 19 | 2023 | .jpg)
|
Narges Mohammadi | 21 April 1972 Zanjan,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| Economic Sciences | |||||||
| Pořadí | Rok | Laureátka | Jméno | Datum narození | Místo narození | Datum úmrtí | Místo úmrtí |
| 1 | 2009 | .png)
|
Elinor Ostrom | 7 August 1933 Los Angeles, California,
|
12 June 2012 Bloomington, Indiana,
|
||
| 2 | 2019 | .jpg)
|
Esther Duflo | 25 October 1972 Paris,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
| 3 | 2023 | .jpg)
|
Claudia Goldin | 14 May 1946 New York City, New York,
|
style="background: #ececec; color: grey; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center; " class="table-na" | — | ||
Odkazy[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Reference
- ↑ VERECKEY, Betsy. The 60 women who have won the Nobel Prize. The Telegraph [online]. [cit. 2024-03-07]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ 100 Years Ago: Marie Curie Wins 2nd Nobel Prize. Scientific American [online]. 25. listopadu 1911 [cit. 2024-03-07]. Čís. 105. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ Marie Skłodowska-Curie získala Nobelovu cenu dvakrát, za fyziku a za chemii.[2]
- ↑ Crash course – 2023 Nobel Prizes [online]. [cit. 2024-03-07]. Dostupné online. (anglicky)
- ↑ a b c d e f Crash course – 2023 Nobel Prizes [online]. Dostupné online.
Externí odkazy
- Nobel Prize awarded women [online]. Nobel Foundation [cit. 2022-10-06]. Dostupné online.