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Kolínský arcibiskup [[Engelbert II. z Bergu]] započal tažení za účelem donutit vestfálskou šlechtu poddat se a to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the Duchy by annexing the territory from [[Hellweg]] to [[Diemel]], and secured the south of the [[Sauerland]] at [[Attendorn]] in 1222. Further controversy of its expansion eventually leads to Engelbert's death at the hands of [[Frederick I of Isenberg]] in 1225. In 1260 by an agreement with the Dukes of [[Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick]] the [[Weser River]] became the official border of their spheres of influence. In 1277 the Archbishops managed to defeat a large confederation of Westphalian and Lower Rhenish opponents, but further action in 1288 forced the Archbishops to abandon intentions on much of the greater territory of Westphalia. The annexation of [[Werl-Arnsberg]] in 1368 united the territories of the north and south of the Sauerland. |
Kolínský arcibiskup [[Engelbert II. z Bergu]] započal tažení za účelem donutit vestfálskou šlechtu poddat se a to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the Duchy by annexing the territory from [[Hellweg]] to [[Diemel]], and secured the south of the [[Sauerland]] at [[Attendorn]] in 1222. Further controversy of its expansion eventually leads to Engelbert's death at the hands of [[Frederick I of Isenberg]] in 1225. In 1260 by an agreement with the Dukes of [[Brunswick-Lüneburg|Brunswick]] the [[Weser River]] became the official border of their spheres of influence. In 1277 the Archbishops managed to defeat a large confederation of Westphalian and Lower Rhenish opponents, but further action in 1288 forced the Archbishops to abandon intentions on much of the greater territory of Westphalia. The annexation of [[Werl-Arnsberg]] in 1368 united the territories of the north and south of the Sauerland. |
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Arcibiskup [[Bedřich III. ze Saarwerden|Friedrich von Saarwerden]] započal beznadějné tažení k tomu, aby udržel kolínská práva na [[Marck]] a roku 1392 byl přinucen se jich vzdát. Jehop nástupce, [[Dětřich II. z Moersu|Dietrich II. von Moers]], witnessed the last attempts by Cologne to gain rulership in Westphalia by attempting to break the powerful positions of [[Cleves]] and [[Marck]]. The financial burden placed upon the knights and cities of the Duchy of Westphalia led them into union in 1437. Cologne made peace with Cleves in 1441: this led [[Soest, Germany|Soest]], the richest town of Westphalia, to refuse recognising Colognian supremacy in 1444 in the [[Soest Feud]], that lasted until 1449. Soest had become a part of the [[Duchy of Cleves]]. Thereafter the town of [[Arnsberg]] became the administrative capital of Westphalia. Economically the loss of Soest had weakened the duchy. Especially as the surroundings of the town were very fertile and the grain was needed for the mountainous regions in the South. Peace with Marck was made in 1445 which witnessed territorial concessions from both sides. |
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[[Image:Arms-Westphalia.png|frame|Arms of Westphalia (adopted in 1532).]] |
[[Image:Arms-Westphalia.png|frame|Arms of Westphalia (adopted in 1532).]] |
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Verze z 13. 9. 2018, 13:53
Vévodství vestfálské (1180–1803) bylo historické území, které bylo součástí větší oblasti - Vestfálska, nacházejícího se na východě současného Severního Porýní-Vestfálska v Německu. Původně tvořilo s Engern a Ostfálskem jednu ze tří hlavních oblastí Saska. Po většinu své historie bylo državou arcibiskupa a Kurfiřtství kolínského.
Ustanovení vévodství (1102–1180)
Bedřich I., arcibiskup kolínský, obdržel roku 1102 polovinu hrabství Arnsberg. Další hrabství této oblasti pak nemohla odolávat zásahům a vměšování arcibiskupa a brzy tak následovala hrabství Werl, Rüthen a Volmarstein. Bývalý hrabě z Arnsbergu vytvořil ze zbytků svých panství nové hrabství známé jako Werl-Arnsberg a dařilo se mu je držet nezávislé na arcibiskupovi. Když byl Jindřich Lev Saský v roce 1180 poražen, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa presented the Archbishop of Cologne, Philip of Heinsberg with these territories and the south of the former Duchy of Saxony as the Duchy of Westphalia.
Rozšiřování vévodství (1180–1445)
Kolínský arcibiskup Engelbert II. z Bergu započal tažení za účelem donutit vestfálskou šlechtu poddat se a to extract from them the stewardship of the various scattered church lands. Engelbert managed to connect the lands of the Duchy by annexing the territory from Hellweg to Diemel, and secured the south of the Sauerland at Attendorn in 1222. Further controversy of its expansion eventually leads to Engelbert's death at the hands of Frederick I of Isenberg in 1225. In 1260 by an agreement with the Dukes of Brunswick the Weser River became the official border of their spheres of influence. In 1277 the Archbishops managed to defeat a large confederation of Westphalian and Lower Rhenish opponents, but further action in 1288 forced the Archbishops to abandon intentions on much of the greater territory of Westphalia. The annexation of Werl-Arnsberg in 1368 united the territories of the north and south of the Sauerland.
Arcibiskup Friedrich von Saarwerden započal beznadějné tažení k tomu, aby udržel kolínská práva na Marck a roku 1392 byl přinucen se jich vzdát. Jehop nástupce, Dietrich II. von Moers, witnessed the last attempts by Cologne to gain rulership in Westphalia by attempting to break the powerful positions of Cleves and Marck. The financial burden placed upon the knights and cities of the Duchy of Westphalia led them into union in 1437. Cologne made peace with Cleves in 1441: this led Soest, the richest town of Westphalia, to refuse recognising Colognian supremacy in 1444 in the Soest Feud, that lasted until 1449. Soest had become a part of the Duchy of Cleves. Thereafter the town of Arnsberg became the administrative capital of Westphalia. Economically the loss of Soest had weakened the duchy. Especially as the surroundings of the town were very fertile and the grain was needed for the mountainous regions in the South. Peace with Marck was made in 1445 which witnessed territorial concessions from both sides.
Westphalia until the end of the Empire (1445–1806)
After the Soest Feud, the city of Soest remained part of the Duchy of Cleves. Starting from 1463, the league of knights and cities in Westphalia began a long and bitter struggle against the Archbishops. During the reign of Archbishop Herman V of Wied (1515–1546), the Reformation arrived in Westphalia. Eventually the Reformation was suppressed, but during the reign of Archbishop Gebhard Truchsess von Waldburg (1577–1583) the Reformation returned and he was forced to attend to Westphalia in 1582 where several knights and cities had adopted the new doctrine. The newly elected Archbishop Ernest of Bavaria (1583–1612) and his brother Ferdinand of Bavaria managed to regain the Duchy for the Archbishopric at the beginning of the Cologne War in 1583, and Protestantism survived only on the border region of Waldeck and Hesse. The Duchy of Westphalia was again confirmed as integral territory of the Archbishopric in 1590.
Stejně jako většina německých zemí Vestfálsko velice trpělo útrapami třicetileté války. Roku 1794 se arcibiskupové přestěhovali do Vestfálska poté, co Francouzi anektovali teritoria západně od Rýna. V rámci sekularizace se vévodství v roce 1803 stalo součástí Hesenska-Darmstadtska.
Vévodství po zániku Říše (1806–1815)
Roku 1807 bylo vytvořeno Království vestfálské, přestože nezahrnovalo vévodství a mělo hlavní město v hesenském Kasselu. Vévodství Vídeňský Kongres udělil Prusku výměnou za důležitá území západně od Rýna a v roce 1815 bylo vévodství vtěleno do pruského území jako Provincie Vestfálsko.