Wikipedista:TvojaStara/United States

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The United States of America (USA), commonly referred to as the United States (U.S.) or America, is a federal republic[1][2] consisting of 50 states and a federal district. The 48 contiguous states and Washington, D.C., are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is located in the northwestern part of North America and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also has five populated and numerous unpopulated territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean. At 3.80 million square miles (9.85 million km2)[3] and with over 320 million people, the United States is the world's fourth-largest country by total area and third most populous. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[4] The geography and climate of the United States are also extremely diverse, and the country is home to a wide variety of wildlife.[5]

Paleo-Indians sdfgs from Eurasia to what is now the U.S. mainland around 15,000 years ago,[6] with European colonization beginning in the 16th century. The United States emerged from 13 British colonies located along the East Coast. Disputes between Great Britain and the colonies led to the American Revolution. On July 4, 1776, as the colonies were fighting Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War, delegates from the 13 colonies unanimously adopted the Declaration of Independence. The war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by the Kingdom of Great Britain, and was the first successful war of independence against a European colonial empire.[7] The country's constitution was adopted on September 17, 1787, and ratified by the states in 1788. The first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil rights and freedoms.

Making a change outside of ContentTranslation Driven by the doctrine of Manifest Destiny, the United States embarked on a vigorous expansion across North America throughout the 19th century.[8] This involved displacing American Indian tribes, acquiring new territories, and gradually admitting new states, until by 1848 the nation spanned the continent.[8] During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War ended legal slavery in the country.[9][10] By the end of that century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean,[11] and its economy, driven in large part by the Industrial Revolution, began to soar.[12] The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the country's status as a global military power. The United States emerged from World War II as a global superpower, the first country to develop nuclear weapons, the only country to use them in warfare, and as a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the world's sole superpower.[13]

Notes[editovat | editovat zdroj]

  1. ↑ The New York Times Guide to Essential Knowledge, Second Edition: A Desk Reference for the Curious Mind. [s.l.]: St. Martin's Press, 2007. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-0-312-37659-8. S. 670. 
  2. ↑ ONUF, Peter S. The Origins of the Federal Republic: Jurisdictional Controversies in the United States, 1775–1787. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1983. ISBN 978-0-8122-1167-2. 
  3. ↑ "State and other areas", U.
  4. ↑ Adams, J.
  5. ↑ Wildlife Library [online]. National Wildlife Federation [cit. 2014-12-23]. Dostupné online. 
  6. ↑ MAUGH II, Thomas H. Who was first? New info on North America's earliest residents. Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles County, California: Los Angeles Times, July 12, 2012. Dostupné online [cit. February 25, 2015]. 
  7. ↑ Greene, Jack P.; Pole, J.
  8. ↑ a b CARLISLE, Rodney P.; GOLSON, J. Geoffrey. Manifest Destiny and the Expansion of America. [s.l.]: ABC-CLIO, 2007. (Turning Points in History Series). Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-85109-833-0. S. 238. 
  9. ↑ The Civil War and emancipation 1861–1865 [online]. Boston, Massachusetts: WGBH Educational Foundation, 1999. Dostupné v archivu pořízeném z originálu dne October 12, 1999. 
  10. ↑ Britannica Educational Publishing. The American Civil War and Reconstruction: People, Politics, and Power. Redakce Wallenfeldt Jeffrey H.. [s.l.]: Rosen Publishing Group, 2009. (America at War). Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-61530-045-7. S. 264. 
  11. ↑ White, Donald W. The American Century. [s.l.]: Yale University Press, 1996. Dostupné online. ISBN 0-300-05721-0. Kapitola 1: The Frontiers. 
  12. ↑ Work in the Late 19th Century [online]. [cit. 2015-01-16]. Dostupné online. 
  13. ↑ Tony Judt; DENIS LACORNE. With Us Or Against Us: Studies in Global Anti-Americanism. [s.l.]: Palgrave Macmillan, June 4, 2005. Dostupné online. ISBN 978-1-4039-8085-4. S. 61. 

References[editovat | editovat zdroj]

[[Kategorie:Britské kolonie]] [[Kategorie:Státy NATO]] [[Kategorie:Republiky]] [[Kategorie:Spojené státy americké]]

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