Wikipedista:Natália Jušková/Pískoviště
Basilica of St.Egídius[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Basilica of St. Egidius in Bardejov is the Gothic sacral building, situated in the northern part of the Rathausplatz in the region of Prešov.
History[editovat | editovat zdroj]
The origins of the church date back to the 13th century. From this period comes the patronage of the church. Around the year 1206 at this point settled Cistercian monks of Polish Koprzywnica and founded this monastery dedicated to St. Egidius. Royal Charter of King Bela IV. from 13th century contains the first mention of the existence of the church in this area. The existence of the temple is also confirmed by the list of Karol's son and successor, Louis I the Great of Anjou. The construction of the temple today began in the mid-14th century.The church is mentioned in 1427 as a three-aisled basilica with simple arcades. The proof of the existence of the temple with altar are the oldest sculptures from the period 1390 - 1400, currently placed in the altar of St. Anny.In 1448, the expansion and rebuilding of the temple began. Royal builder Štefán from Košice constructed the base of the three-aisled set sanctuary, choir, sacristy and Emporia, also known as the Chapel of St. Catherine, and later King Matthias´s Oratory. The construction of the sanctuary ended with a new vaulting in 1464. A year later he built on the boundary of the new sanctuary and nave, unique stone pastophorium belonging to the most salient works. The 1466 master James stood in the sanctuary of the Sacz Gothic main altar. The only sculpture of Saint Egidius was saved, located in the chapel of the Virgin Mary, nowadays. From this period comes also the bronze baptistery.
During 1482-1486, three chapels were in the southern part addition; St. Elizabeth, St. Andrew and the Virgin Mary. Original arches can still be found preserved in the chapel of St. Andrew. It we in 1486, that the big John bell was first struck. In 1584, the founder of the bell, John from polish Tarnów, struck one of the largest bells in Slovakia, the 4 tonne urban.
The completed church was a master-piece of East Slovak late-gothic architecture. It excelled in its large-scale spatial conception, as well as in its details. For example the building´s vaults were similiar to the vault systems of Peter Parlér. In 1521, Masters John Kraus and John Emerici decorated the first floor of the tower´s exterior, particularly its south side, with a fresco of St. Stephen, the first Hungarian king. Italian Masters Louis and Bernard Pel of Lugano remodelled the south facade in Rennaissance style in 1564.They remodelled three chapels and a portal to create a unified architectural whole.
The church itself had experienced many natural disasters, therefore leaving it damaged. These include fires, earthquakes, bombings as well as collapses themselves. It was only after the entire city nearly burned down on Easter Monday 1878, that the extensive reconstruction of the church began. This was led by an architect named Imre Steindl, and later Frederick Schmulek. The interior was rebuilt with a new neo-gothic alter and pulpit. The recovery lasted 20 years, and the temple has been restored to what we can see today.
Other architectural interventions took place in the 20th century within the building reconstruction. In 1990, two church bells - Urban and John burst. On the occasion of avowal temple to basilica the bell John was replaced by a new Joseph weighing 700 kg.
Description[editovat | editovat zdroj]
St. Egídius´s temple is a three-aisled basilica type construction with aisles built in an east-west direction and the main entrance on the south side. The presbytery is closed by polygonal closure. The sacristy was brought up to the north wall,on the south side there is a hallway with two side chapels and stoppage the third chapel.
Presbytery is vaulted by reticulated vault and central nave is dissociated from triumphal arch coupled with Calvary sculpture from the late 15th century. The central nave is covered by gable roof.
On the southwest corner tower with a square plan exempt. It is finished by wooden arcadian gallery, covered by pyramidal roof and complemented by four small brim at the corners.
Exterior of the church[editovat | editovat zdroj]
The Church of St. Egidius is situated on the north side of the Town-Hall Square. It is built on the traditional east - west axis. The sanctuary is situated at the east end.
The central nave (24 metres high ) dominates the church. There are also two aisles and a sanctuary. Their 10-metre-high gothic roofs are separated from each other by a stepped fire wall, topped by a spire with a cross, the so-called "sanktusník".[1] An imposing tower dominates the southwest corner of the church. The tower was completed in neo-gothic style late in the 19 th century. With its height of 76 metres, it is among the highest church towers in Slovakia. It has six storeys, separated from each other by stone cornices on the outside. The belfry is on the fourth storey. The new bells, "Urbam" and "John", and the old original bell, called "Signum" are situated there. The fifth storey has been adapted for the clock mechanism. A wooden balcony, topped by a pyramidal roof and a four-meter-high metal cross, is situated on sixth storey. The decoration of the south wall is completed by a stone relief with city´s coat-of-arms. The western facade of the church is reinforced by supports, which include gothic arches above the joints and big rosette with stone tracery.[2] Within the south side of the church are the chapels, prominently grouped around the main entrance. The Chapel of the Virgin Mary is situated to the right of the narthex. The Chapel of St. Elisabeth was built above the narthex. The Chapel of St. Andrew is situated in the space between the narthex and the church tower. The whole church is illuminated through high gothic, mostly three-part, glazed windows, replaced in the 19 th century. The exterior of the church is completed on the south side by an ornamental stone sculpture of St. Florian. The original bells, "John" and "Urban", situated on the south side of the sanctuary, are the latest addition to the exterior.
Interior of the church[editovat | editovat zdroj]
[editovat | editovat zdroj]
The central interior space is the central, surmounted nave lighted by basilian windows on the south side and presbytery as high as nave, separated from her wide belt of profiled stone triumphal arch. The whole asile is vaulted with network of cross vaults, placing on pentagonal chaplets decorated with floral ornaments with the coat of arms in the middle. On the western side of the nave is Royal - Organ oratory, valuted with star-vault. Stone spiral staircase leads to the oratory. Both the side naves are vaulted with three fields of simple cross vaults set on the wall brackets with figural brackets.
Sacristy and choir[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Sacristy and northern choir above the main nave are accessible by two separate gothic profiled portals. Sacristy and choir have the power reticulated, ribbed vault. Oratory has undercut ribs placed directly into a wall and figural console portraying St. George in battle with the dragon.
Chapels[editovat | editovat zdroj]
The eastern chapel has an irregular polygonal swallowtails, and reticulated vault with ribs. Southern oratory also has a vault with a simple conical consoles.[3] West Chapel has a rectangular wall. The room is vaulted with simple rectangular vault with diversity of brackets. The chapel is lit by a window on the south side and geometric tracery.
Tower[editovat | editovat zdroj]
The tower close wooden gallery with arcade.
Roof[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Truss and roof of the church are the result of reconstruction in the 80s of the 19th century. Nave with presbytery have gable roof. On the north side of the nave with oratory roofed with aisle roof. South ship has a very shallow aisle roof covered with sheet metal.
Floor[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Floors in the main and side aisle and in both southern chapels are made of stoneware tiles laid in concrete. Church of St. Egídius has extremely valuable furnishings coming mostly from the 15th and 16th centuries.
Ground plan of the St.Egídius[editovat | editovat zdroj]
A. sanctuary
B. nave
C. north aisle
D. south aisle
E. Chapel of the Virgin Mary
F. Chapel of St. Andrew
G. Narthex
H. Chapel of St.Elisabeth
I. Sacristy
J. Chapel of St. Catherine
K. Tower
L. Choir loft[4]
Types of vaulting[editovat | editovat zdroj]
I. Net vaulting
II. Cross vaulting
III. Stellate vaulting
Altars[editovat | editovat zdroj]
Main neo-gothic altar of St.Egídius (1888)
Gothic winged altar of the Nativity (1480-1490)
Gothic winged altar Vir Dolorum (1500-1510)
Gothic winged altar of the Crucifixion (1480-1490)
Gothic winged altar of the Holy Virgin (1505)
Gothic winged altar of St. Apollonia (1490-1510)
Gothic winged altar of the Pietá (1480-1490)
Gothic winged altar of St. Ann (1490-1500)
Gothic winged altar of St.Andrew (1440-1460)
Gothic winged altar of St. Elisabeth of Hungary (1480-1490)
Gothic winged altar of St. Barbara (1450-1460)
Gothic winged altar of the Holy Virgin (1489)
Bibliography[editovat | editovat zdroj]
- J.Božová, G.Drobniak, F. Gutek - Kostol sv. Egídia v Bardejove
- G. Drobniak, Bazilika minor sv. Egídia v Bardejove, Agentúra SAŠA, Košice, 2007
- Jankovič, V.- Bardejov - farský kostol sv.Egídia
- Bobák I., Bobáková M. - BARDEJOV, Obrazový sprievodca mestom a okolím